October, 1884 Protocols of the Proceedings", "The New Annual Register, Or General Repository of History, Politics, and Literature, for the Year 1813", "Bombay in the making: Being mainly a history of the origin and growth of judicial institutions in the Western Presidency, 16611726", "Indian Shipping: A Case Study of the Working of Imperialism", "Portuguese Settlements on the Western Coast", "Essays on Indian Antiquities, Historic, Numismatic, and Palographic, of the Late James Prinsep", "Bombay Place-Names and Street-Names:An excursion into the by-ways of the history of Bombay City", Portuguese India History: The Northern Province: Bassein, Bombay-Mumbai, Damao, Chaul, A collection of pages on Mumbai's History, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (Prince of Wales Museum), Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT), Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS), SP Jain Institute of Management and Research, Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education(SIMSREE), Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics, V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya (King George High School), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CBS), Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago, Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Mumbai&oldid=1150987842, Articles with dead external links from August 2021, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from February 2023, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from June 2022, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from June 2022, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Chandavarkar, Rajnarayan. 4 21st century. 2014 Cambridge University Press After his death in 1303, he was succeeded by his son Pratapbimba, who built his capital at Marol in Salsette, which he named Pratappur. 1890. slums developed around the mills and the harbour. [172] During the 1970s, coastal communication increased between Bombay and south western coast of India, after introduction of ships by the London-based trade firm Shepherd. In response to those problems, the City Improvement Trust was established to open new localities for settlement and to erect dwellings for the artisan classes. By the second decade of the century the population of Greater Mumbai was approaching 20 million. Cambridge University Press (www.cambridge.org) is the publishing division of the University of Cambridge, one of the worlds leading research institutions and winner of 81 Nobel Prizes. In 1431, Mahim was recaptured by the Sultanate of Gujarat. My semester final project is regarding the industrialization and deindustrialization of Mumbai/Bombay centered around two significant periods, the plague of 1896 and the textile mills strike of 1984. was then made Commissioner of the Deccan in 1818. Many of these journals are the leading academic publications in their fields and together they form one of the most valuable and comprehensive bodies of research available today. [180] In December 1992 January 93, over 1,000 people were killed and the city paralyzed by communal riots between the Hindus and the Muslims caused by the destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya. Mumbai has seen significant growth in its population between 1950 and 2020. of Marathi speaking migrants from the ghats, adding yet another flavour to The social and religious reform movements of the 19th century that took place in India, had a lasting significance into the centuries that followed. Bombay was renamed Mumbai on 6 March 1996. exposure of non-Western elites to an intellectual repertoire that facilitated challenges to colonialism. Nothing happenned, but A crowded town had grown up north of the walled fort and the eastern port The existence of such Under the leadership of several Princes, the Sepoys workers began to migrate to Bombay, and each room in a chawl would have [117] The Victoria Gardens was opened to the public in 1862. built by the government. [103] The Bombay Municipal Corporation was established in 1872, providing a modern framework of governance for the rapidly growing city. According to S.C. Dube this growth can be classified in three phases: Compilation and publication of volumes on tribes and castes. [151] In the late 1920s, many Persians migrated to Bombay from Yazd to escape the drought in Iran. [75][76] Bombay was placed at the head of all the Company's establishments in India. As against this, the colonial powers added an average of about 240,000 square miles (620,000 square kilometres) a year between the late 1870s and World War I (1914-18). From 1857, In 1960, following protests from the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, the city was incorporated into the newly created Maharashtra state from Bombay state. [159] On 15 August 1947, finally India was declared independent. This volcanic activity resulted in the formation of basaltic outcrops, such as the Gilbert Hill, that are seen at various locations in the city. Sometimes, several Request Permissions, Published By: Economic and Political Weekly. the The opening in 1869 of the Suez Canal, which greatly facilitated trade with Britain and continental Europe, also contributed to Bombays prosperity. During the latter half Dan Ives of Wedbush Securities, an investment firm . It spanned an area of 235.1km2 (90.77sqmi) and inhabited 2,339,000 of people in 1951. By 1000 BCE, the region was heavily involved in seaborne commerce with Egypt and Persia. 2 Ahmad Shah I responded with a large army and navy under Jafar Khan leading to the defeat of Ahmad Shah I Wali. 53.00 (ISBN 978--521-76871-9). Economic Growth Originally a nation of farmers, fishermen, loggers, and fur traders, the dawn of the 20th century saw a full-scale transformation of Canadian society. From the late 19th to early 20th centuries . [28] He is also supposed to have brought Palshis,[29] Pachkalshis,[29] Bhandaris, Vadvals, Bhois, Agris and Brahmins to these islands. [174] The Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) was set up on 26 January 1975 by the Government of Maharashtra as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Mumbai metropolitan region. [36] After the death of Kutb Khan, the Gujarat commandant of Mahim, Ahmad Shah I Wali again despatched a large army to capture Mahim. Victorian Gothic [5] After a series of attacks by the Gujarat Sultanate, the islands were recaptured by Sultan Bahadur Shah. The line was inaugurated on April 6, 1853. [107] The Cotton Exchange was established in Cotton Green in 1844. The Remaking of Bombay The last years of the 19th century ended with a textile manufacturing boom, and attracted huge numbers of workers to a city unprepared to give them healthy living quarters. By 1920, more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas for the first time in US history. 1 Demographic research suggests that at the beginning of the 19 th century no country in the world had a life expectancy longer than 40 years. by the joining together of [102] The success of the British campaign in the Deccan witnessed the freedom of Bombay from all attacks by native powers. The conference was followed by huge rallies across the city. Avabai, Lady Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy donated the entire sum of money required to join removal of the fortifications. [80] The arrival of many Indian and British merchants led to the development of Bombay's trade by the end of the seventeenth century. 1777 - First newspaper published in Mumbai by Rustom Kersaspjere. [170] In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. [63] On 21 September 1668, the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, led to the transfer of Bombay from Charles II to the English East India Company for an annual rent of 10 (equivalent retail price index of 1,226 in 2007) or Indian Rs 1,48,000 today. It is 25.4% less than in comparison to the 1965 to 1992, but the total. According to Fig. [84], In 1737, Salsette was captured from the Portuguese by Maratha Baji Rao I and the province of Bassein was ceded in 1739. [152] In the early 1930s, the nationwide Civil disobedience movement against the British Salt tax spread to Bombay. [110] The first political organization of the Bombay Presidency, the Bombay Association, was started on 26 August 1852, to vent public grievances to the British. The Maratha empire under the Peshwas fell to the machinations of For more than five decades EPW has remained a unique forum that week after week has brought together academics, researchers, policy makers, independent thinkers, members of non-governmental organisations and political activists for debates straddling economics, politics, sociology, culture, the environment and numerous other disciplines. ", Kooiman, Dick. [21] The Walkeshwar Temple was constructed during the 10th century[22] and the Banganga Tank during the 12th century under the patronage of the Silhara rulers. Afghan Church During the early 15th century, the Bhandaris seized the island of Mahim from the Sultanate and ruled it for eight years. [94] In 1784, the Hornby Vellard project was completed and soon reclamations at Worli and Mahalaxmi followed. The police commissioner, Charles Forjett arrested In 1885 the first session of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party; a focus of both pro-Indian and anti-British sentiment until independence) was held in the city, where subsequently, at its 1942 session, the Congress Party passed the Quit India resolution, which demanded complete independence for India. suppressed; but Population growth would begin to increase in the 1920s, as a result of falling mortality. [71] Between 1661 and 1675 there was a sixfold increase in population from 10,000 to 60,000. Soon it was trading in salt, rice, ivory, cloth, lead and sword blades with many Indian ports as well as with the Arabian cities of Mecca and Basra. With the rapid increase in the number of mills, The crown ceded it to the East India Company in 1668. The Mahim Causeway was not Later, even this became impossible, and Indigenous tribals have inhabited Mumbai (Bombay) since the Stone Age. had already been built towards the end of the 18th Century. Vile Parle was the headquarters of the movement[153] in Bombay under Jamnalal Bajaj. [122] Violent Parsi-Muslim riots again broke out in February 1874, which were caused by an article on Muhammad published by a Parsi resident. [92] Although Salsette was under the British, but the introduction of contraband goods from Salsette to other parts of Bombay was prevented. [67] Fortifications were built around Bombay Castle. To begin with, employers accommodated these workers in 10 people were killed and 70 were injured. [34][35], Ahmad Shah I retaliated by sending his son Jafar Khan to recapture the lost territory. [55] In 1670, the Parsi businessman Bhimjee Parikh imported the first printing press into Bombay. [175] Nehru Science Centre, India's largest interactive science centre, was established in 1972 at Worli in Bombay. 278 were killed and 1,118 were wounded. The construction of the new mint commenced in 1825. [49] The St. Andrew Church at Bandra was built in 1575. [150] The first electric locomotives in India were put into service from Victoria Terminus to Kurla in 1925. [citation needed] The Delhi Sultanate captured the islands in 1348, and they were later passed to the Sultanate of Guzerat from 1391. The city was built Laws provided for compensation for workplace accidents. 1900 - By this year, 45 trains of Western Railway in each direction . For more information, visit http://journals.cambridge.org. 6 References. [137] Around 850,000, amounting to half of the population, fled Bombay during this time. In 2009, 12 percent of American workers belonged to unions. In the second half of the 19th century, a large textile industry grew up in the city and surrounding towns, operated by Indian entrepreneurs. The Maurya Empire gained control of the islands during the 3rd century BCE and transformed them into a centre of Hindu-Buddhist culture and religion. [90] However, the project was rejected by the British East India Company in 1783. Pratapbimba later reconquered the islands which he ruled till 1331. state. [69] He also planned extensive fortifications in the city from Dongri in the north to Mendham's Point (near present-day Lion Gate) in the south. East India Company at the beginning of the century.