assumptions in research methodology

Interviews can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video conferencing. (2001). The Structure, Format, Content, and Style of a Journal-Style Scientific Paper. Psychology Writing Center. An exploratory case study is used to explore a new or understudied phenomenon. ;'-)H9^~mPF?/D[xq8+/t$}. 6592). YET ANOTHER NOTE: If your study involves interviews, observations, or other qualitative techniques involving human subjects, you may be required to obtain approval from the university's Office for the Protection of Research Subjects before beginning your research. You can also search for this author in In: Working with Assumptions in International Development Program Evaluation. What are the 4 types of assumptions? 0000001490 00000 n Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. WebResearch Methodology and Design 4.1 Introduction All research is based on some underlying philosophical assumptions about what constitutes 'valid' research and which c3IX:qD?YhNGH6!7ady M*_#ukg(?Wjs{ Bw4As[gE p$d+o!TGg&nnfZ& N]Jd=UF|;MuC l[.hR"x"- [,H>o,t_>9sR\I"_[>q2+iXl'8/m}}%ST)jJ6uO7p~NvR,C^~6.cvd_:58@\-d $v~m,B`(-_UFd$pd6a0Brrkw:])\/#}1#f4~^I?w3n"Fx|2%IcN4H_(j*eZ+w7/Y{}A,80bw}Rd]u)fiumo^s9:0$ ['rY:i Ly* ~Vn|CG%tafJc8x'qs[Yn"xOA(Tuz[E.52eZFk WebChapter 12 Interpretive Research. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 49(4), 327355. Why are assumptions important in qualitative research? Here is how the four groups of assumptions look to an interpretivist (a social constructivist): As the positivist paradigm leads inevitably to objective, quantifiable methods, the interpretivist paradigm leads to methods that involve qualitative inquiryresearcher and participant talking together, constructing a new reality together. What is Research Methodology? The following are common types of assumptions. Lynn, S. J., Weekes, J. R., & Milano, M. J. Sociological Inquiry, 56, 229. I propose that one strategy for designing impactful For Example, a researcher might conduct an instrumental case study on a particular policy to understand its impact on achieving a particular goal, such as reducing poverty. Shermer, M. (2011). New Directions for Evaluation, 87(Fall), 3545. 46 0 obj <> endobj - 13.214.34.128. All rights reserved by ResearchMethod.net |, Strategies, Processes & Techniques utilized in the collection of data, Observational Research Methods and Guide, Textual Analysis Types, Examples and Guide, Research Methods Types, Examples and Guide, Mixed Methods Research Types & Analysis. Understanding educational research. Epistemological perspectives on IS research: A framework for analysing and systematizing epistemological assumptions. That which cannot be measured cannot be reliably known. 4Q7rEnN e{?tG ayV 6592). Kerem, E., Fishman, N., & Josselson, R. (2001). Ways of Knowing. Documents can be collected from the case study participants or from public sources. ), Knowing the social world (pp. An exception to this rule is if you select an unconventional methodological approach; if this is the case, be sure to explain why this approach was chosen and how it enhances the overall process of discovery. If necessary, consider using appendices for raw data. Here is how the four groups of assumptions look to an interpretivist (a social constructivist): As the positivist paradigm leads inevitably to objective, quantifiable methods, the interpretivist paradigm leads to methods that involve qualitative inquiryresearcher and participant talking together, constructing a new reality together. Documents can be used as a source of information for case studies. As Schneider notes, a method refers to the technical steps taken to do research. Therefore, subjective evidence is assembled based on individual views. Organizational learning: Dimensions for a theory. Revisiting the quantitative-qualitative debate: Implications for mixed-methods research. Bennett, G. E. (1933). Greene, J. C., & Curucelli, V. (1997). When we Challenge an Assumption based on a thought we have, we can help people prove or disprove their thoughts. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. More on that in Track 3. endstream endobj startxref They make four key assumptions: ontological, epistemological, axiological, and methodological assumptions. As randomized trials and experiments are often not feasible or ethical, observational studies can help to infer causality under specific assumptions. Framework for Understanding Assumptions >GG;sG#Vu9>y>\Ny$l!rnc6&wug`W1W>t `::n( (c.=(E1K%h^3*{Yd -0\%m_{m!c66GD@!Kg"2OxwWr3 How many qualitative interviews is enough. Review of Educational Research, 67, 88140. A framework that I use to explain the interaction of these three components is seen in Figure 1.1. (1988). And finally, you take certain methods for learning about leadership for grantedyou assume that there are some methods of inquiry that will be workable and others that will not. (2003). This is why the literature review as a research method is more relevant than ever. Critical science: Approach to vocational education research. You learned about specialization assumptions when you studied the various schools of thought in the scholarly literature in your field. University of Washington; Denscombe, Martyn. How we construct beliefs and reinforce them as truths. Epistemological assumptions are about what can be known. It is a qualitative research approach that aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the case being studied. Documents can include reports, memos, emails, letters, and other written materials related to the case study. Remember that you are not writing a how-to guide about a particular method. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 3(3), 118126. 8th edition. Weiss, C. H. (2000). Journal of Vocational Education Research, 9(4), 34. Which links in which theories shall we evaluate? We will take them one at a time. In science, we dont believe assumptions until the experiment proves the truth. The findings of a descriptive case study can be used to inform policy or practice or generate new research questions. With the epistemological assumption, conducting a qualitative study means that researchers try to get as close as possible to the participants being studied. Creswell, J. W., Hanson, W. E., Plano, V. L., & Morales, A. 2, pp. Reading Lists Simply put, we can only interpret the truth, not measure it. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Nkwake, A.M. (2020). "+@$s8 fEN[l;)DjH w5 s#KHh 0 'u Buckingham, UK: Open University Press, 2014; Lunenburg, Frederick C. Writing a Successful Thesis or Dissertation: Tips and Strategies for Students in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Journal of Community Psychology, 33(1), 87100. Methodology is the philosophical framework within which the research is conducted or the foundation upon which the research is based (Brown, 2006). Bucking, UK: Open University Press. reference: phd_t2_psy_u06s1_h04_assumptn.html. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18(5), 709729. His assumption of secretarial duties was timely. Underlying assumptions. Exploratory Case Study Baker & R. Edwards. Quantitative and qualitative research strategies in knowing the social world. Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the theory of acceptance and use of technology. Journal of Management Studies, 43(8), 18211835. There are others, but these two have stood the test of time since the days of Plato and Aristotle. We will take them one at a time. WebMethodology. Explication of assumptions is even more crucial in research methods used to test the theories. Attitudes and opinions are classic qualitative focuses. Unrecognized. The Writers Handbook. Don't avoid using a quantitative approach to analyzing your research problem just because you fear the idea of applying statistical designs and tests. Therefore, qualitative research requires a more detailed description of the methods used. It teaches us to question why something happens or prove otherwise. WebAs stated by Creswell and Plano Clark (2011), a mixed-methods research design is a research design that has its own philosophical assumptions and methods of inquiry. You should make the assumption that readers possess a basic understanding of how to investigate the research problem on their own and, therefore, you do not have to go into great detail about specific methodological procedures. Azevedo, L.F. et al. London, UK: Sage Publications. Comprehensive criteria to judge validity and reliability of qualitative research within the realism paradigm. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to understand the role of the phenomenon in achieving the goal. Scates, D. E. (1940). (2003). Evaluation, 13(2), 151170. Healy, M., & Perry, C. (2000). Such a list of sources is useful in and of itself, especially if it is accompanied by an explanation about the selection and use of the sources. There are others, but these two have stood the test of time since the days of Plato and Aristotle. Artifacts are physical objects relevant to the case study. In most cases, there are a variety of different methods you can choose to investigate a research problem. A realist theory of science. (More on that in Track 3. The Good Research Guide: For Small-Scale Social Research Projects. The two main paradigms that govern most traditional social science research. Surveys involve asking a set of questions to a sample of individuals relevant to the case study. Assumptions that go uncommunicated. Reynolds, R. Larry. Philosophical paradigms (world view lenses). Venkatesh, Thong and Xu made the following assumptions: Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003) User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. 0000001817 00000 n Table 1. Youll remember from Track I that these are based on the Quantitative or Qualitative paradigm, your specialization in the program, and specific theories of business/management and information technology. For any problems that do arise, you must describe the ways in which they were minimized or why these problems do not impact in any meaningful way your interpretation of the findings. WebResearch methods is a broad term. Kaplan, S. A., & Garrett, K. E. (2005). Here are the steps to conduct case study research: Here are some examples of case study research: Case studies have a wide range of applications across various fields and industries. Literature Review Project Planner. Use Table 1 below to review the two major paradigms operating in social science research today, and the assumptions associated with them. The four kinds of philosophical assumptions derived from those paradigms. Constructing theories of change: Methods and sources. Grounded Theory Methods, Examples and Research Problem Examples, Types and Guide. Do not provide any background information that does not directly help the reader understand why a particular method was chosen, how the data was gathered or obtained, and how the data was analyzed in relation to the research problem [note: analyzed, not interpreted! This can help to develop a more accurate and detailed understanding of the case, which can inform future research, practice, or policy. You will likely nd research that asks questions aligned to your paradigm Bryman, A. London, UK: Routledge. The methods section describes actions taken to investigate a research problem and the rationale for the application of specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information applied to understanding the problem, thereby, allowing the reader to critically evaluate a studys overall validity and reliability. National Centre for Research Methods Review Discussion Paper (pp. The act of assuming, or taking to or upon ones self; the act of taking up or adopting. Qualitative methods only: phenomenology, ethnography, case study, grounded theory, heuristics, and generic qualitative. As Mitroff and Bonoma (Evaluation quarterly 2:23560, 1978, p. 235) put it, the power of an experiment is only as strong as the clarity of the basic assumptions which underlie it. Each design or approach within qualitative methodology does have a set of theoretical premises and commitments it must adhere to, except generic qualitative inquiry. Defnition: A case study is a research method that involves an in-depth examination and analysis of a particular phenomenon or case, such as an individual, organization, community, event, or situation. /)v64XDPVR@j;nql University of Wisconsin, Madison;Rudestam, Kjell Erik and Rae R. Newton. The use of logic models by community-based initiatives. Qualitative Health Research, 17(10), 13161328. Human Interaction, 3(4), 320351. Why do you think it is important to challenge your own assumptions? You dont need to prove them or calculate them, you simply accept them as givens. Mason, P., & Barnes, M. (2007). Fixed, stable, observable, and measurable. Descriptions of methods usually include defining and stating why you have chosen specific techniques to investigate a research problem, followed by an outline of the procedures you used to systematically select, gather, and process the data [remember to always save the interpretation of data for the discussion section of your paper]. ANOTHER NOTE: If you are conducting a qualitative analysis of a research problem, the methodology section generally requires a more elaborate description of the methods used as well as an explanation of the processes applied to gathering and analyzing of data than is generally required for studies using quantitative methods. While assumed, they should still be explicitly stated in the body of the dissertation, usually in chapter 1. Assumptions that are made automatically by an individual without realizing it. Often, documenting how you overcame obstacles can form an interesting part of the methodology. These methodological assumptions are based on the previous three kinds of assumptions. A second main paradigm or philosophical camp is known as interpretivism, or social constructivism. Save how you interpreted the findings for the discussion section]. Bonell, C. (1999). The Method Chapter: Describing Your Research Plan. In Surviving Your Dissertation: A Comprehensive Guide to Content and Process. WebThe typical structure of the methodology chapter is as follows: Research Design And Strategy Philosophical Approach Methods Of Data Collection And Data Analysis Ethical Considerations, Reliability, Limitations And Generalisability Note: In research jargon, generalisability is termed external validity . Case studies can help researchers to identify and examine the underlying factors, processes, and mechanisms that contribute to the case and its outcomes. 138156). (If you wish to review the entire article, it is available as a link in the Dissertation Research Seminar Track 2 courseroom Course Materials.) Belmont, CA: Thompson Wadsworth. Bryman, A. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. United Kingdom. (1984). Boise State University; The Theory-Method Relationship. The specific research tools or strategies that you utilized to study the underlying hypothesis and research questions. 1262 0 obj <>stream Accounting Review, 8(2), 157159. What's in a Methodology: The Difference between Method, Methodology, and Theoryand How to Get the Balance Right? PoliticsEastAsia.com. What are assumptions International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 3, 337360. We call this an ontological assumption, from the Greek word that means "reality". Find step-by-step guidance to complete your research project. Positivism is a philosophy that holds that empirical evidence obtained through the senses is the only firm foundation for knowledge. MIS Quarterly, 27, 425478. It is important to make assumptions explicit and to make a sufficient number of assumptions to describe the phenomenon at hand. It is used to understand concepts, thoughts or experiences.The differences between quantitative and qualitative research. (2012). As Schneider notes, Bryman, Alan. One of the most important assumptions in survey research is that the questionnaire is reliable. Case studies can help students and professionals to develop a deep understanding of business concepts, theories, and best practices. Problem Blindness Strategic Management Journal, 22, 11691173. In this type of studies, meanings emerge usually towards the end of the research process. Finally, you will apply this material to your own study and complete the Assumptions section of your schools Research Plan for Track 2. All research builds on philosophical and theoretical foundations. . hbbd```b``57ddz Applied research and social theory. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 3 (2008): 159-168; Schneider, Florian. Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. Epistemology and the socio-cognitive perspective in information science. The methodology should discuss the problems that were anticipated and the steps you took to prevent them from occurring. Administrative Science Quarterly, 11(2), 238263. 5th edition. 1617). Further, it insists that valid knowledge can only be assumed if all observers come up with essentially the same description of a thing. (2001). When you did that, you were adoptingwhether you realized it at the time or nota set of specialization assumptions, that is, ideas and practices that are taken for granted within that school of thought. The findings of an instrumental case study can be used to inform policy or practice or generate new research questions. WebMany characteristics make up the collective term of qualitative research, Methods used specify a certain framework in which researchers operate, Within this framework, there Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? How do you write a methodological assumption? Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in I assume one thing, you assume something else, and the other fellows each assume something different from each of the others. The missing link: A transformational view of metaphors in organizational science. In K. Fulbright-Anderson, A. C. Kubrisch, & J. P. Connell (Eds. 0 Explain and give examples of why your assumptions are probably true. Carter, S. M., & Little, M. (2007). C. H. (1995). There are several paradigms with its characteristics according to which researchers should work: positivism (one reality is supported), constructivism Conducting a case study research involves several steps that need to be followed to ensure the quality and rigor of the study. John, B. E., & Kieras, D. E. (1996). WebMethodological assumptions consist of the assumptions made by the researcher regarding the methods used in the process of qualitative research (Creswell 2003). What are the different types of assumptions in research methodology? Traditional literature reviews often lack thoroughness and rigor and are conducted You will remember from Track I that these come in three flavors: You learned about specialization assumptions when you studied the various schools of thought in the history of psychology. This visualization demonstrates how methods are related and connects users to relevant content. Quantity and quality in social research. This type of case study is useful when the researcher wants to understand a specific phenomenon in detail. Observations involve watching and recording the behavior and activities of individuals or groups relevant to the case study. WebThe philosophic assumptions (ontology, epistemology, axiology, and methodology) are embedded within interpretive frameworks is researchers use. The methodology refers to a discussion of the underlying reasoning why particular methods were used. The Challenger Disaster: The Challenger Disaster was a case study conducted to examine the causes of the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986. Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia 17 (2011): 232-238; Blair Lorrie. Do not confuse the terms "methods" and "methodology." The broad research approach is the . It is a tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested. Emphasis is on the objective researcher, value free; subjectivity and bias lead to error. In 2005, Ilhun Gunbayi, I. published an article examining the leadership styles of primary and junior high school teachers if they were to assume the role of a principal. 53 0 obj <>stream Assumptions are the foci for any theory and thus any paradigm. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin, 2010; Carter, Susan. WebMethodology. Doc. Examine your assumptions by using the follow techniques: researchers explicitly recognize and acknowledge the value-laden nature of the research; research is context-bound; research is based on inductive forms of logic; categories of interest may emerge from informants (internal) or be used to frame the understanding (external); Methodological assumption is about what reasons we have to believe an interpretation to be correct, or how we can justify an interpretation. Theories are formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge within the limits of critical 1BAN;|QmS^ N8QPDC)*! However, the term can also refer to the methods themselves or to the philosophical discussion of associated background assumptions. Writing Center. If the method you choose lies outside of the tradition of your field [i.e., your review of the literature demonstrates that the method is not commonly used], provide a justification for how your choice of methods specifically addresses the research problem in ways that have not been utilized in prior studies. A second main paradigm or philosophical camp is known as interpretivism, or social constructivism. What does it mean to challenge assumptions? The most important elements of research methodology expected to be covered in business dissertation at Bachelors, Masters Case studies are used in law and ethics to examine legal and ethical dilemmas. Table of contents What is a hypothesis?
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