hohokam religious beliefs

Unregulated diffusion from Mexico into the Southwest prior to AD 700. ), Life in the Valley of Gold: Archaeological Investigations at Honey Bee Village, a Prehistoric Hohokam Ballcourt Village, Part 2, Anthropological Papers No. In Pauketat, T. R. Fewkes, J. W. (1906). Wright has maximally exploited all means available to understand the rock art with a multiplicity of views, guided by contemporary scholarship in the related disciplines, but with a corpusin a limited, well defined context. Kertzer, D. I. Hawley, F. M. (1930). Ortiz, A. Rock Art of the Lower Pecos, Texas A&M University Press, College Station. The Hohokam and Mesoamerica. ), Roots of Sedentism: Archaeological Excavations at Valencia Vieja, a Founding Village in the Tucson Basin of Southern Arizona, Anthropological Papers No. McGuire, R. H., Adams, E. C., Nelson, B. In Hedges, K., and McConnell, A. 3, Arthur H. Clark Company, Cleveland, OH. Searcy, M. (2014). 93105. Hohokam (culture): history, location, characteristics, politics Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1: 5574. (eds. Digital Antiquity and tDAR are and have been supported by a number of organizations, including the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the National Science Foundation, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. (eds. (eds. (2015). Haury, E. W. (1937a). The Greater Southwest and the Mesoamerican world system: An exploratory model of frontier relationships. In Loendorf, L. L., Chippindale, C., and Whitley, D. S. Thompson, M. (1994). 33, Museum of Man, San Diego, CA, pp. Taube, K. A. 39, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, pp. 514. Kiva 81: 247263. West Mexico and the Hohokam. Thompson, M., Gilman, P. A., and Wyckoff, K. C. (2014). The Red-on-Buff Culture of the Gila Basin, Medallion Papers No. Correspondence to What time does normal church end on Sunday? (eds. (2020). Craft and the Kingly Ideal: Art, Trade, and Power, University of Texas Press, Austin. by Ortiz de Montellano, B. R., and Ortiz de Montellano, T., University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 239265. The University of Utah Press J. Willard Marriott Library 295 South 1500 East, Suite 5400 Salt Lake City, UT 84112, Winner of the Don D. and Catherine S. Fowler Prize, Brings a scientific calculus to bear on the interpretation of Hohokam rock art that is far more sophisticated than any earlier attempts. David R. Wilcox, adjunct professor of anthropology, Northern Arizona University, and senior research associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. Wilcox, D. R., and Shenk, L. O. Prehistory: Hohokam. (2021). WebPublication Information The main body of the Publication Information page contains all the metadata that HRAF holds for that document.. ), Kachinas in the Pueblo World, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. (eds. 18, Arizona State University, Tempe, pp. Posibles pasajes migratorios en el norte de Mxico y el suroeste de los Estados Unidos durante el Epiclsico y el Postclsico. Introduction to Zui ceremonialism. Carrasco, D. (2013). A History of the Ancient Southwest, School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe, NM. Excavations at Snaketown IV: Review and Conclusions, Medallion Papers No. Broad distribution of Flower World imagery in Hohokam petroglyphs. (eds.) The Aztec Book of Destiny, BookSurge, North Charleston, SC. Tucson, Arizona, to return ancestral land to indigenous nation Village growth and ritual transformation in the southern Southwest. In Wallace, H. D. Lpez Austin, A. (eds. Nentvig, J. In Clark, J. E., and Pye, M. E. 339371. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. WebA kiva is a space used by Puebloans for rites and political meetings, many of them associated with the kachina belief system. Did Billy Graham speak to Marilyn Monroe about Jesus? Greater Mesoamerica: The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mexico, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. Loendorf, C., and Lewis, B. V. (2017). 110: 620. Gladwin, H. S., and Gladwin, W. (1930). Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain, Vol. The Social Organization of the Tewa of New Mexico, Memoir No. ), The Hohokam Millennium, School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe, NM, pp. Schaafsma, P. (2015). Current Anthropology 37: 1531. (1974). Webster, L. D., McBrinn, M. E., and Gamboa, E. Beliefs and Holy Places: A Spiritual Geography of the Pimera Alta, University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Marn, F. M. (2012). 13, American Ethnological Society, Augustin, NY. Hohokam culture, Complex of North American Indian peoples who lived c. 300 bcad 1400 in the Sonoran Desert (Arizona, U.S.), especially along the Gila and Salt rivers. Fewkes, J. W. (1912). WebReligion on the Rocks Hohokam Rock Art, Ritual Practice, and Social Transformation By Aaron M. Wright Winner of the Don D. and Catherine S. Fowler Prize We are nearly all Just macaws: A review for the U.S. Southwest/Mexican Northwest. Kiva 66: 223247. 597628. Presented at The 80th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, San Francisco, California. Bostwick, T. W., and Krocek, P. (2002). The Mesoamerican ballgame in the American Southwest. Preuss, K. T. (1930). Wallace, H. D. (2016). A possible Cochise-Mogollon-Hohokam sequence. Jim Heidke and Ben Nelson also kindly weighed in on the state of horned serpent imagery in Hohokam ceramic designs. From A.D. 900 to 1400 Hohokam populations frequently used both corporate and household cemeteries within the same village. Formerly the Center for Desert Archaeology. Searcy, M. (2010). Upland Salado Iconography and Religious Change, The Arizona Archaeologist No. The architecture of Honey Bee village. (2003). In Hays-Gilpin, K. A., and Schaafsma, P. Early representations of Mesoamericas feathered serpent: Power, identity, and the spread of a cult. Reagan, A. The Americas 233254. McGuire, R. H., and Villalpando, M. E. What is wrong with reporter Susan Raff's arm on WFSB news? Washburn, D. K., and Fast, S. (2018). Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Temptation and glory in one Pima and two Aztec mythologies. 29, Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, AZ, pp. McGuire, R. H., and Villalpando, M. E. (2007). Di Peso, C. C. (1974). In Young, L. C., and Herr, S. A. Pailes, M. (2017a). Latin American Antiquity 30: 1734. 91105. Copyright 2018 Digital Antiquity. VanPool, C. S., and VanPool, T. L. (2012). ), Discovering North American Rock Art, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. Archaeology Southwest Magazine 21(1): 8. 248-258. Tedlock, D. (1985). Wallace, A. F. C. (1966). 3366. Mathiowetz, M. D. (2011). Decorated buffware and brownware ceramics. 15, Gila Pueblo, Globe, AZ. Pattern diffusion from Mexico into the Southwest after AD 600. In Mathien, F. J., and McGuire, R. H. What is the hohokam religion? - Answers The White Shaman Mural: An Enduring Creation Narrative in the Rock Art of the Lower Pecos, University of Texas Press, Austin. Mathiowetz, M. D., and Turner, A. D. (2015). Is Brooke shields related to willow shields? (eds. 944. An Archaeological Surface Density Survey of Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, Center for Archaeology and Society Repository, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe. (eds. 16, Gila Pueblo, Globe, AZ. Ritual transformation and cultural revitalization: Explaining Hohokam in pre-AD 1000 southeastern Arizona. 8: 346375. Mesoamerica and the southwestern United States. (eds.) Mesoamerica and the Southwest/Northwest. The Maya ballgame: Rebirth in the court of life and death. (eds. Bayman, J. M., and Sullivan III, A. P. (2008). 3649. Schaafsma, P. (1980). Miller, M. (2001). 4066. Kiva 64: 311338. ), Pots, Potters, and Models: Archaeological Investigations at the SRI Locus of the West Branch Site, Tucson, Arizona, Vol. Hays-Gilpin, K. A., and Hill, J. H. (1999). Gilman, P. A., Thompson, M., and Wyckoff, K. C. (2015). In Villalpando, M. E., and McGuire, R. H. Underhill, R. M. (1948). Casas Grandes: A Fallen Trading Center of the Gran Chichimeca, 8 volumes, Publication No. Pyrite-encrusted mirrors at Snaketown and their external relationships to Mesoamerica. 26, Gila Pueblo, Globe, AZ. Sending the Spirits Home: The Archaeology of Hohokam Mortuary Practices, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. Neuzil, A. 115, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson. 135152. Wilcox, D. R. (1987). On models and methods: Comments on the history of archaeological research in the southern Southwest. Senior Honors (B.A.) Subjects: Document-level OCM identifiers given by the anthropology subject indexers at HRAF Bell, C. (1997). The return of Quetzalcoatl: Evidence for the spread of a world religion during the Epiclassic period. Haury, E. W. (1937b). In Phillips, Jr., D. A., and Ware, J. In Holmes, W. H. A. Plumed and horned serpents of the American Southwest. The name Hohokam means "those who have gone" in the language of the O'odham, the contemporary Native American inhabitants of southern Arizona. Kiva 46: 338. American Antiquity 30: 297309. 29, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Ritual change and the distant: Mesoamerican iconography, scarlet macaws, and great kivas in the Mimbres region of southwestern New Mexico. (1919). Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity, Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology No. WebHohokam is the name of one of the four major prehistoric archaeological traditions of the American style may define arbitrary groups within a culture, perhaps identifying social status, gender, clan or guild affiliation, religious belief or cultural alliances. Location of the research culture or tradition (often a smaller unit such as a band, community, or archaeological site), Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition (author date). VanPool, T. L., Palmer, C. T., and VanPool, C. S. (2008). (ed.) 159231. A., and Crider, D. (2005). 7994. The petroglyphs of Saguaro National Monument, Tucson, Arizona. Shaul, D. L. (1989). (ed. McGuire, R. H. (1980). (1977). The second part is a ranking done by HRAF anthropologists based on the strength of the source material on a scale of 1 to 5, as follows: 1 - poor; 2 - fair; 3 - good, useful data, but not uniformly excellent; 4 - excellent secondary data; 5 - excellent primary data. Iconography. In Hays-Gilpin, K. A., and Schaafsma, P. Reconstructing ancient Hohokam irrigation systems in the middle Gila River valley, Arizona, United States of America. Morris, D. (2019). The Great Bend of the Gila: Contemporary Native American Connections to an Ancestral Landscape, Technical Report No. Taube, K. (2000). Sun Fathers Way: The Kiva Murals of Kuaua, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. Deal, M. (2017). Excavations in the Santa Cruz Floodplain: Further Investigations at Los Pozos, Anthropological Papers No. In Williams, E., Snchez, M., and Gndara, M. (ed. Glen Rice. 64-73 p. ill. (ed. Kelley, J. C., and Kelley, E. A. ), Foundations of Anasazi Culture: The Basketmaker-Pueblo Transition, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, pp. (eds.) Cienega phase incipient plain ware from southeastern Arizona. White, C. A. (2008). In Swartz, D. L. Unknown Arizona and Sonora, 16931721: Luz de tierra incgnita, Part II, by Captain Juan Mateo Manje, Arizona Silhouettes, Tucson. Some of the scarce data that historians point out about the religion of the Hohokam culture are its polytheistic character and the influence that came from Mesoamerica. In addition to this, it is known that they gave great importance to their deities related to death. According to the remains found, these gods were offered the best offerings. Whittlesey, S. M. (2008). Field, M. (2018). 253288. (eds. ), American Indian Rock Art, Vol. Harris, J. F., and Stearns, S. K. (1997). 1, Gila Pueblo, Globe, AZ. Saxton, D., and Saxton, L. (1973). Hohokam Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Rather than criticizing the methodology of related disciplines, we should all be embracing them and using the best that they have to offer. 371406. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Eliade, M. (1964). ), Centre and Periphery: Comparative Studies in Archaeology, Allen and Unwin, London, pp. 2448, Archaeopress, Oxford, pp. Pueblo Indians Oldest Culture in the The Red-on-Buff Culture of the Papaguera, Medallion Papers No. Your gift is invested back into tDAR's infrastructure to ensure this community-supported archive is sustainable! American Antiquity 82: 117. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 60: 101230. Between about 800 and 1100 CE, many villages also had large earthen constructions that archaeologists identify as ballcourts. 433500. Journal of Archaeological Research Wallace, H. D. (1983). The Anza Expedition of 17751776: Diary of Pedro Font, edited and translated by F. J. Teggart, Publications of the Academy of Pacific Coast History No. The representation of plants in Hohokam pottery design. Whittlesley studies 'ceramics to explore Hohokam ideology, beliefs, and ritual.' Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. The date the researcher conducted the fieldwork or archival research that produced the document, In this alphanumeric code, the first part designates the type of person writing the document, e.g. Rock art research in the American Southwest. Schaafsma, P. (2001). Phillips Jr., D. A. Author: Author's name as listed in Library of Congress records no date, Evaluation: In this alphanumeric code, the first part designates the type of person writing the document, e.g. (ed. Researchers commonly frame this connectivity in economic or cultural evolutionary terms that position Hohokam communities as somehow descendant from or dependent on more complexly and hierarchically organized societies far to the south. 18, Archaeological Society of New Mexico, Albuquerque, pp. Martnez, R., Mendoza, L., and Vias, R. (2012). Gladwin, W., and Gladwin, H. S. (1929b). Hohokam Indians of the Tucson Basin, University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Wilcox, D. R. (1991b). Anasazi is the archaeological term used to describe prehistoric Puebloan peoples of the Four Corners region of the American Southwest. Hohokam ceramics, Hohokam beliefs, Published in: if part or section of a book or monograph Nelson, B. Human Relations Area Files, 2010. Many Hohokam sites are now under modern-day Phoenix. Gregonis, L. M., and Reinhard, K. J. ), Rock Art Papers, Vol. Faced with a death, households chose the strategy best suited at that moment for maintaining or advancing their social standing. by Ortiz de Montellano, B. R., University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. 9, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. Arizona Highways 12(8): 8. In Granados, R. G. Foster, M. S., and Gorenstein, S. Age of Barrier Canyon-style rock art constrained by cross-cutting relations and luminescence dating techniques. Similarities in Hohokam and Chalchihuites artifacts. Lomatuwayma, M., Lomatuwayma, L., and Namingha, Jr., S. (1993). Hopi History in Stone: The Tutuveni Petroglyph Site, Archaeological Series No. Definition of Hohokam. : a member of a prehistoric desert culture of the southwestern U.S. centering in the Gila Valley of Arizona and characterized especially by irrigated agriculture. Boyce, I. M. (2016). Kelley, J. C., and Abbott, E. (1971). ), Twenty-Eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. Comments on A trial survey of Mexican-Southwestern architectural parallels. El Palacio 63: 299309. Manual concepts: A study of the influence of hand-usage on culture-growth. I show that the iconography references Archaic religious archetypes and cosmological principles that probably accompanied the spread of agriculture millennia before the formation of the Hohokam world. (2001). 41, Arizona Archaeological Society, Phoenix. But a little hint: if you read their name as Semitic, it means Sea Peoples. Snaketown can be Malotki, E., and Dissanayake, E. (2018). Bates, L. N., Castaeda, A. M., Boyd, C. E., and Steelman, K. L. (2015). Wittfogel, K. A. An alternative hypothesis for the explanation of Anasazi culture history. Haury, E. W. (1945a). 245251. Vint, J. M., and Nials, F. L. In Ekholm, G. F., and Willey, G. R. 77116. 169229. A case for Yuman participation in the Hohokam regional system. ), Collected Papers in Honor of Florence Hawley Ellis, Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico No. Rethinking the core-periphery model of the pre-Classic period Hohokam. Hohokam 3339. 73120. ), El norte de Mxico y el sur de Estados Unidos: Tercera reunin de mesa redonda sobre problemas antropolgicos de Mxico y Centro Amrica, Sociedad Mexicana de Antropologa, Mexico City, pp. Fish, P. R., and Fish, S. K. (1992). The Excavations of Los Muertos and Neighboring Ruins in the Salt River Valley, Southern Arizona, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology No. 1: The Decorated Wares, Mesoamerican Studies 5, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. Nelson, B. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy, translated by W. R. Trask, Bollingen Foundation, New York. A religion is a religion and a belief is a belief. Northwest Mexico: The prehistory of Sonora, Chihuahua, and neighboring areas. Journal of the Southwest 60: 73113. Munson, M. K., and Hays-Gilpin, K. (2017). No human can be a religion, they can only found a religion. Di Peso, C. C. (1956). The evolution of Hohokam ceremonial systems. Golio, J. J., Bradshaw, S., Snyder, E., and Golio, M. (1995). Unpublished Masters (MA) thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Fullerton. (ed. Society and Economy in the Hohokam World: New Evidence and Want to learn more? Schroeder, A. H. (1956). The Western Archaic tradition in context. Dialectologia 10: 3357. (eds. thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson. A. Who Were the Hohokam? - DNA Consultants 566573. Excavations in the Santa Cruz River Floodplain: The Early Agricultural Period Component at Los Pozos, Anthropological Papers No. Schroeder, A. H. (1966). 89-5, Institute for American Research, Tucson, AZ. In Ortiz, A. In Gladwin, H. S., Haury, E. W., Sayles, E. B., and Gladwin, N. 8, Australian Rock Art Research Association, Melbourne, pp. Hohokam culture summary | Britannica 10, Museum of Anthropology, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley. 2005-01, Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson, AZ. In Brame, J., Oravec, C., and Bowen, N. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). (eds. Representations of the Mesoamerican creation saga are seen on Mimbres pottery. Valencia Vieja and the origins of Hohokam culture. In Noble, D. G. Hopi Ruin Legends, ed. ), Environmental Change and Human Adaptation in the Ancient Southwest, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, pp. Phoenix basin, Arizona, United States, LCSH: Library of Congress Subject Headings Shaul, D. L., and Hill, J. L. (1998). An Archaeological Survey of the Verde Valley, Medallion Papers No. Neuzil, A. ), Excavations at Snaketown I: Material Culture, Medallion Papers No. American Antiquity 69: 457486. Gladwin, H. S. (1937). von Humboldt, A. Ootham Hohook Aagitha: Legends and Lore of the Papago and Pima Indians, University of Arizona Press, Tucson. In VanPool, C. S., VanPool, T. L., and Phillips Jr., D. A. The first part is the OWC identifier and the second part is the document number in three digits. (2008). Epic of the Toltec Chichimec and Purpecah in the ancient Southwest. Rice, G. E. (2016). 1, American Rock Art Research Association, Tucson, AZ. 2007. Ferg, A. Journal of Archaeological Research 25: 373420. ), Archaeological Investigations at the Yuma Wash Site and Outlying Settlements, Part 2, Anthropological Papers No. 48(2), Archaeology Southwest, Tucson, AZ, pp. The HRAF anthropologist who subject indexed the document and prepared other materials for the eHRAF culture/tradition collection. (ed. Sitlpuva, through the land brightened with flowers: Ecology and cosmology in mural and pottery painting, Hopi and beyond. 543612. Switzer, R. R. (1971). It provides a good case study for ritual practices in a context of social organization and will inform scholars in the broader anthropological and sociological realms. Paul F. Reed, preservation archaeologist. ), The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. Pailes, M. (2017b). Ball courts. (eds. 3146. (2011). Later in time, after about 1150 or 1200 CE, people in the Hohokam region began building their houses as aboveground compounds within a walled courtyard. Kiva 48: 267-278. Lightning celts and corn fetishes: The Formative Olmec and the development of maize symbolism in Mesoamerica and the American Southwest. In Nielson-Grimm, G., and Stavast, P. People who resided in the Hohokam (ho-ho-kahm) region were among the ancestors of contemporary southern desert populations, such as the Oodham, as well as Pueblo populations and perhaps other populations in northern Mexico. The role of the direct historical approach in North American ethnoarchaeology: A northern perspective. Indigenous mythology from present-day Mexico. ), Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. Masse, W. B., and Espenak, F. (2006). Whittlesey, S. M. (2004). Honey Bee village and the Valley of Gold in the scheme of things Hohokam. This work improved considerably from comments by Chris Loendorf, Jill Neitzel, Gary Feinman, and three anonymous reviewers; Carolyn Boyd and Julio Amador Bech provided inspiration and important feedback on a very early draft. The Iconography of Connectivity Between the Hohokam World and Its Southern Neighbors. Journal of the Southwest 60: 225. Jones, B. M., Jr., and Drover, C. E. (2018b). Classic period pottery from the Yuma Wash site: Dating, provenance, and function. A History of the Ancient Southwest, Bond Wheelwright Company, Portland, ME. 645658. Doyel, D. E. (1992). 2007. Popol Vuh: The Sacred Book of the Maya, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Braniff, B. 1.8: The Southwest - Social Sci LibreTexts Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? (eds.) Journal of the Southwest 50: 103206. Chard, C. S. (1940). 2, 2nd ed., transl. (20122020). In Chapman, T. C. Mesoamerican antecedents of Sikyatki-style geometric patterns on textiles depicted in murals of the American Southwest. The Hohokam regional system. (eds.) 301334. Wright, A. M. (2014). Ritual, Politics and Power, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. Kidder, A. V. (1924). ), Rock Art in the Americas: Mythology, Cosmogony and Ritual, BAR International Series No. Clark, J. J. The Myths of the Opossum: Pathways of Mesoamerican Mythology, trans. The evolution and dissemination of Mimbres iconography. Relations between Meso America and the Southwest. Haury, E. W. (1950). Journal of the Southwest 46: 705761. The Road to Aztlan: Art from a Mythic Homeland, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles. Wright has done an exemplary job of this., The Making of a Preservation Archaeologist. Kelley, J. C. (1960). The Postclassic Mesoamerican World, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. A reevaluation of Mesoamerica in the Southwest through the examination of Hohokam and northwest Mexican relationships south of the lower Salt River, central Arizona. (ed.) (2000). Ray Walston was not a religion. Wright, A.M. Bayman, J. M. (2001). (1992). In Arroyo, B., Aragn, L. P., Palma, A. L., and Arroyave, A. L. (2005). ), Native Religions and Cultures of Central and South America: Anthropology of the Sacred, Continuum, New York, pp. WebThe Interaction of Hohokam Ideology and Religious Beliefs in the Hohokam Practice of Dual Cemeteries (2015) DOCUMENT Citation Only Glen Rice. The problem of contacts between the southwestern United States and Mexico. Document Number: HRAF's in-house numbering system derived from the processing order of documents In Articles and writings by J. W. Simmons, Paper no. Larger villages then had a different kind of central construction: large platform mounds, often with structures on top, that appear to have been the place for religious and political activities. Situating copper bells in prehispanic southwestern societies: An analysis of their spatial, temporal, and contextual distribution. (1995). thesis, College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson. Hohokam villages are remarkable in the ancient Southwest for their stability. Unlike ancient pueblo towns, which often were abandoned after a few decades, some Hohokam villages were continuously occupied for up to 1,500 years or more. Hohokam villages also show that society was organized in a hierarchical fashion. 3, Gila Pueblo, Globe, AZ. Ethnographer, Missionary, Archaeologist, Folklorist, Linguist, Indigene, and so on. Compound B at Casa Grande Ruins National Monument has two platform mounds. 97, Document ID: HRAF's unique document identifier. 217248.
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